This module, about reference systems, is based on teaching materials prepared by Naftali Kadmon and Richard Knippers and a website, developed by the latter on Geometric aspects of mapping (ITC - Twente Technical University). These teaching materials are made available in the "documents" section. Our credits go out to Richard Knippers for putting so much material at our disposal.

The module contains the following chapters:

When reading through the following pages, you will come across some unusual terms. These terms are hyperlinked to the UNGEGN Glossary of Terminology (pdf). Behind each term a number (#) is given that corresponds to the numbering applied in this glossary, e.g. toponymy (#344).

For exercises and documents (and literature) on this topic see respectively the "Exercises" and/or the "Documents" section of this module.

The complete module can be downloaded here.