GENERAL NOTES

Consumption

Consumption throughout the Yearbook is defined as  production + imports exports bunkers +/ stock changes.

Negative Consumption

Consumption for some of the petroleum products is negative due to the exclusion of interproduct transfers from the calculations.Negative consumption of electricity is due to negligible or no primary electricity production and/or net exports.

Time Period

The period to which the data refer is the calendar year, with the exception of the data of the following countries which refer to the fiscal year

Afghanistan and Iran (Islamic Rep. of) beginning 21 March of the year stated;

Australia, Bangladesh, Egypt (electricity only), Nepal, Pakistan   ending June of the year stated;

India, Myanmar and New Zealand beginning April of the year stated.

TABLES 1 ‑ 4

Data on individual energy commodities are aggregated and presented in these tables.

Production

Included in the production of commercial primary energy for Solids are hard coal, lignite, peat and oil shale; Liquids are comprised of crude petroleum and natural gas liquids; Gas  comprises natural gas; and Electricity is comprised of primary electricity generation from hydro, nuclear, geothermal, wind, tide, wave and solar sources.

Stocks, International Trade and Bunkers

Changes in stocks, imports and exports refer to all primary and secondary forms of commercial energy (including condensate and feedstocks).  Air bunkers refer to bunkers of aviation gasolene and jet fuel.  Sea bunkers refer to bunkers of hard coal, gas‑diesel oil and residual fuel oil.

Consumption

Included in the consumption of commercial energy for Solids are consumption of primary forms of solid fuels, net imports and changes in stocks of secondary fuels; Liquids are comprised of consumption of energy petroleum products including feedstocks, natural gasolene, condensate, refinery gas and input of crude petroleum to thermal power plants; Gases include the consumption of natural gas, net imports and changes in stocks of gasworks and coke‑oven gas; and Electricity is comprised of production of primary electricity and net imports of electricity.

Unallocated

An unallocated column has been created in tables 1‑3 in order to balance out the difference between the results of the above formula for consumption and the total consumption column. This inequality occurs primarily because of the exclusion of non‑energy petroleum products as well as inadequate or unavailable stock data.

In Table 4, Total energy requirement is defined as "consumption" (see Tables 1‑3) plus traditional fuels which include fuelwood, charcoal, bagasse, animal, vegetal and other wastes.

Changes in Methodology

Beginning with the thirtyfifth edition of this publication, the following two changes were introduced in order to represent the physical energy supply in the countries more accurately and to make the United Nations Secretariat's treatment of electricity comparable with that of other international organizations

  Data on electricity produced by nuclear power plants is converted to coal equivalent, oil equivalent and joules based on the average efficiency of a modern nuclear power plant, i.e. 33 per cent.

  Data on electricity generated by geothermal heat is converted to coal equivalent, oil equivalent and joules based on the average efficiency of a modern geothermal power plant, i.e. 10 per cent.

The conversion to coal equivalent, oil equivalent and joules of electricity generated by hydropower or nonthermal sources such as wind, tide, wave and solar is based on the energy content of the electricity generated (the equivalent of assuming a 100 per cent efficiency).

TABLE 6

Recovered slurries are included in the production of hard coal for the Czech Republic, Hungary, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Data for Austria include hard coal briquettes.

Data for China include lignite.

TABLE 7

 For 2000, the importers shown cover 81% of the world imports and the exporters shown cover 95% of the world exports.  For 2001, the importers shown cover 82% of the world imports and the exporters shown cover 94% of the world exports.

TABLE 8

Data on lignite for the Netherlands and the Russian Federation also include lignite briquettes.

Production data for the Russian Federation include oil shale.

TABLE 13

Data on fuelwood and charcoal production were taken from information provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with the exception of  Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Chile, Cyprus, Georgia, Grenada, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Peru, St. Helena and depend., Sri Lanka, Thailand, Uzbekistan and Yugoslavia whose data were supplied through questionnaires and/or official publications. 

The conversion of fuelwood (solid volume, .33 tce/m³) is based on an average 20‑30% moisture content.

For Canada and the United States, imports of fuelwood in 1994 include imports of charcoal.

The methodology used for estimating fuel bagasse production is derived from the work done by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Although several different methodologies have been devised, the one selected assumes a yield of 3.26 tons of fuel bagasse at 50% humidity per ton of cane sugar produced.  In most cases sugar production data were extracted from the Sugar Yearbook of the International Sugar Organization (London).

TABLE 14

For Bolivia and Venezuela, data on crude petroleum include condensate.

Total consumption for Brunei excludes the amounts of natural gasolene and condensate blended with crude oil.

 For Canada, Germany and Greece, data include inputs other than crude petroleum and natural gas liquids.        

TABLE 15

 For 2000 and 2001, the importers shown cover 87% and 86% of the world imports while the exporters shown cover 78% for 2000 and 76% for 2001 of the world exports.

TABLE 16

 Differences between the data on consumption of crude petroleum and on refinery throughput result from transfers, backflows and the blending of various petroleum products and condensate, thus increasing the input into the refinery stream.

For Estonia, the data on output refers to production from oil shale.

For South Africa, crude oil production data refer to synthetic crude oil from coal.

TABLE 19

For Egypt and Panama, the data on production and exports of motor gasolene include naphtha.

For the Netherlands, the data include other light oils.

TABLES 20 and 21

For China, Hong Kong SAR, beginning 1995, imports and exports of jet fuel include kerosene.

TABLE 23

For Estonia, the data on output refers to production from oil shale.

TABLE 24

Energy products from refineries and natural gas liquids plants are defined as liquefied petroleum gas, aviation gasolene, motor gasolene, natural gasolene, kerosene, jet fuel, gas‑diesel oil, residual fuel oil,  condensate, refinery gas and feedstocks.

TABLE 25

For the Netherlands, petroleum coke is included in "others".

TABLE 26

Total production of energy products also includes feedstocks.

TABLE 27

Data on natural gas liquid plant distillation capacity are taken from the International Petroleum Encyclopedia and the Oil and Gas Journal.

Condensate production for the United States is included in the data for natural gasolene.

TABLE 28

The figures for Spain refer to liquefied petroleum gas produced from imported liquefied natural gas.

TABLE 29

For 200 and 2001, the importers shown cover 91% and 90% of the world imports of natural gas while the exporters shown cover 96% and 96% of the world exports .

Exports for Algeria, Brunei, Indonesia, the Libyan Arab Jamah. and the United Arab Emirates are transported in liquefied form.

TABLE 30

Refinery gas production for Australia includes petroleum coke for all years.

TABLE 32

For Canada, geothermal capacity refers to solar, tide and wave capacity.

For Japan, geothermal capacity refers to solar, wind, tide and wave and fuel cell capacity.

For the United States, wind turbine and solar capacity is included in the geothermal capacity.

For Austria data are given in gross maximum capacity.

For France, geothermal capacity refers to tide, wave and ocean capacity.

For Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Germany (public utilities), India, Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom, geothermal capacity refers to wind capacity. Geothermal capacity of selfproducers for Germany refers to solar capacity.

TABLE 33

Data on utilization are derived by dividing the data on electricity production shown in Table 34 by the net installed capacity shown in Table 32.

TABLE 34

Production data for the Dominican Republic, Mexico, the United States and Zimbabwe refer to net production.

For Canada, data on geothermal production refer to production of solar, tide and wave power; for France, to production of tide, wave and ocean energy.

For Japan, geothermal production refers to production of solar, wind, tide, fuel cell and wave power.

For the United States, geothermal production includes production by wind and solar power plants.

For Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Germany (public utilities), India, Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom, the data shown for geothermal production refers to electricity produced by wind power.  For Germany, geothermal production by selfproducers refers to production of solar electricity.

TABLE 35

Production data for the Dominican Republic, Mexico, the United States and Zimbabwe refer to net production.

TABLE 36

For Iceland, production of heat from geothermal sources refers to production from nuclear plants.

TABLE 37

Data were provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

TABLE 38

Data were taken from the Survey of Energy Resources, World Energy Council.

Data refer to different years, 1997 2001.

For further information please contact:
UN Statistics Division
Energy Statistics Section
DC2-1414, 2 United Nations Plaza
New York, New York 10017, USA
energy_stat@un.org