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ST/ESA/STAT/SER.K/WWW/16/Rev.5
22 April 2005

The World's Women reports
 
Table 3b - Maternal mortality and infant mortality
Source | Technical notes

Country

Maternal mortality ratio, 2000

Notes

Year

Infant mortality rate

Notes

 

 

[low estimate-high estimate]

 

 

 

 

Africa

Algeria

140

[35-260]

 

2000-2005

37

 

Angola

1700

[420-3100]

 

2000-2005

139

 

Benin

850

[490-1200]

 

2000-2005

105

 

Botswana

100

[25-190]

 

2000-2005

51

 

Burkina Faso

1000

[630-1500]

 

2000-2005

121

 

Burundi

1000

[260-1900]

 

2000-2005

106

 

Cameroon

730

[430-1100]

 

2000-2005

94

 

Cape Verde

150

[37-280]

 

2000-2005

30

 

Central African Republic

1100

[670-1600]

 

2000-2005

98

 

Chad

1100

[620-1500]

 

2000-2005

116

 

Comoros

480

[120-890]

 

2000-2005

58

 

Congo

510

[130-960]

 

2000-2005

72

 

Cote d'Ivoire

690

[170-1300]

 

2000-2005

118

 

Democratic Republic of the Congo

990

[250-1800]

 

2000-2005

119

 

Djibouti

730

[190-1400]

 

2000-2005

93

 

Egypt

84

[42-170]

 

2000-2005

37

 

Equatorial Guinea

880

[220-1600]

 

2000-2005

102

 

Eritrea

630

[380-890]

 

2000-2005

65

 

Ethiopia

850

[500-1200]

 

2000-2005

100

 

Gabon

420

[240-600]

 

2000-2005

58

 

Gambia

540

[140-1000]

 

2000-2005

77

 

Ghana

540

[140-1000]

 

2000-2005

62

 

Guinea

740

[420-1100]

 

2000-2005

106

 

Guinea-Bissau

1100

[280-2100]

 

2000-2005

120

 

Kenya

1000

[580-1400]

 

2000-2005

68

 

Lesotho

550

[140-1000]

 

2000-2005

67

 

Liberia

760

[190-1400]

 

2000-2005

142

 

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

97

[24-180]

 

2000-2005

19

 

Madagascar

550

[310-780]

 

2000-2005

79

 

Malawi

1800

[1100-2600]

 

2000-2005

111

 

Mali

1200

[680-1700]

 

2000-2005

133

 

Mauritania

1000

[630-1500]

 

2000-2005

97

 

Mauritius

24

[16-32]

 

2000-2005

15

 

Morocco

220

[120-310]

 

2000-2005

38

 

Mozambique

1000

[260-2000]

 

2000-2005

101

 

Namibia

300

[74-550]

 

2000-2005

44

 

Niger

1600

[420-3100]

 

2000-2005

153

 

Nigeria

800

[210-1500]

 

2000-2005

114

 

Réunion

41

[10-79]

 

2000-2005

8

 

Rwanda

1400

[790-2000]

 

2000-2005

116

 

Sao Tome and Principe

..

..

 

2000-2005

82

 

Senegal

690

[180-1300]

 

2000-2005

83

 

Sierra Leone

2000

[510-3800]

 

2000-2005

165

 

Somalia

1100

[270-2000]

 

2000-2005

126

 

South Africa

230

[58-430]

 

2000-2005

43

 

Sudan

590

[150-1100]

 

2000-2005

72

 

Swaziland

370

[94-700]

 

2000-2005

73

 

Togo

570

[340-810]

 

2000-2005

93

 

Tunisia

120

[49-190]

 

2000-2005

22

 

Uganda

880

[510-1200]

 

2000-2005

81

 

United Republic of Tanzania

1500

[910-2200]

 

2000-2005

104

 

Zambia

750

[430-1100]

 

2000-2005

95

 

Zimbabwe

1100

[620-1500]

 

2000-2005

62

 

America, North

Antigua and Barbuda

..

..

 

1995

17

(1)

Bahamas

60

[25-98]

 

2000-2005

14

 

Barbados

95

[64-130]

 

2000-2005

11

 

Belize

140

[70-280]

 

2000-2005

31

 

Canada

6

[4-8]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Costa Rica

43

[28-57]

 

2000-2005

10

 

Cuba

33

[16-66]

 

2000-2005

6

 

Dominica

..

..

 

2001

20

(1)

Dominican Republic

150

[37-280]

 

2000-2005

35

 

El Salvador

150

[37-270]

 

2000-2005

26

 

Grenada

..

..

 

2001

17

(1)

Guadeloupe

5

..

(2)

2000-2005

7

 

Guatemala

240

[140-350]

 

2000-2005

39

 

Haiti

680

[400-970]

 

2000-2005

62

 

Honduras

110

[54-220]

 

2000-2005

32

 

Jamaica

87

[44-170]

 

2000-2005

15

 

Martinique

4

..

(2)

2000-2005

7

 

Mexico

83

[56-110]

 

2000-2005

21

 

Netherlands Antilles

20

..

(2)

2000-2005

13

 

Nicaragua

230

[58-420]

 

2000-2005

30

 

Panama

160

[110-220]

 

2000-2005

21

 

Puerto Rico

25

[16-33]

 

2000-2005

10

 

Saint Kitts and Nevis

..

..

 

1998

28

(1)

Saint Lucia

..

..

 

2000-2005

15

 

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

..

..

 

2000-2005

26

 

Trinidad and Tobago

160

[100-210]

 

2000-2005

14

 

United States of America

17

[11-22]

 

2000-2005

7

 

America, South

Argentina

82

[54-110]

 

2000-2005

15

 

Bolivia

420

[110-790]

 

2000-2005

56

 

Brazil

260

[160-370]

 

2000-2005

27

 

Chile

31

[21-42]

 

2000-2005

8

 

Colombia

130

[83-180]

 

2000-2005

26

 

Ecuador

130

[53-200]

 

2000-2005

25

 

French Guiana

..

..

 

2000-2005

14

 

Guyana

170

[110-240]

 

2000-2005

49

 

Paraguay

170

[72-270]

 

2000-2005

37

 

Peru

410

[230-590]

 

2000-2005

33

 

Suriname

110

[56-220]

 

2000-2005

26

 

Uruguay

27

[18-35]

 

2000-2005

13

 

Venezuela

96

[64-130]

 

2000-2005

18

 

Asia

Afghanistan

1900

[470-3500]

 

2000-2005

149

 

Armenia

55

[23-91]

 

2000-2005

30

 

Azerbaijan

94

[40-150]

 

2000-2005

76

 

Bahrain

28

[19-38]

 

2000-2005

14

 

Bangladesh

380

[320-450]

 

2000-2005

59

 

Bhutan

420

[110-780]

 

2000-2005

56

 

Brunei Darussalam

37

[22-53]

 

2000-2005

6

 

Cambodia

450

[260-620]

 

2000-2005

95

 

China (2)

56

[28-110]

 

2000-2005

35

 

   Hong Kong SAR

..

..

 

2000-2005

4

 

   Macao SAR

..

..

 

2000-2005

8

 

Cyprus

47

[31-63]

 

2000-2005

6

 

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

67

[17-130]

 

2000-2005

46

 

Georgia

32

[12-53]

 

2000-2005

40

 

India

540

[430-650]

 

2000-2005

68

 

Indonesia

230

[58-440]

 

2000-2005

43

 

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

76

[38-150]

 

2000-2005

34

 

Iraq

250

[62-460]

 

2000-2005

94

 

Israel

17

[11-22]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Japan

10

[7-13]

 

2000-2005

3

 

Jordan

41

[21-82]

 

2000-2005

23

 

Kazakhstan

210

[120-299]

 

2000-2005

61

 

Kuwait

5

[3-6]

 

2000-2005

10

 

Kyrgyzstan

110

[48-180]

 

2000-2005

55

 

Lao People's Democratic Republic

650

[160-1200]

 

2000-2005

88

 

Lebanon

150

[38-290]

 

2000-2005

22

 

Malaysia

41

[20-81]

 

2000-2005

10

 

Maldives

110

[28-220]

 

2000-2005

43

 

Mongolia

110

[75-150]

 

2000-2005

58

 

Myanmar

360

[91-660]

 

2000-2005

75

 

Nepal

740

[440-1100]

 

2000-2005

64

 

Occupied Palestinian Territory

100

[25-190]

 

2000-2005

21

 

Oman

87

[22-160]

 

2000-2005

16

 

Pakistan

500

[130-940]

 

2000-2005

79

 

Philippines

200

[120-280]

 

2000-2005

28

 

Qatar

7

[3-14]

 

2000-2005

12

 

Republic of Korea

20

[10-40]

 

2000-2005

4

 

Saudi Arabia

23

[12-46]

 

2000-2005

23

 

Singapore

30

[20-41]

 

2000-2005

3

 

Sri Lanka

92

[46-180]

 

2000-2005

17

 

Syrian Arab Republic

160

[41-310]

 

2000-2005

18

 

Tajikistan

100

[43-170]

 

2000-2005

89

 

Thailand

44

[22-88]

 

2000-2005

20

 

Timor-Leste

660

[170-1200]

 

2000-2005

94

 

Turkey

70

[18-130]

 

2000-2005

42

 

Turkmenistan

31

[12-53]

 

2000-2005

78

 

United Arab Emirates

54

[14-100]

 

2000-2005

9

 

Uzbekistan

24

[9-41]

 

2000-2005

58

 

Viet Nam

130

[32-240]

 

2000-2005

30

 

Yemen

570

[330-810]

 

2000-2005

69

 

Europe

Albania

55

[23-92]

 

2000-2005

25

 

Andorra

..

..

 

2001

4

(4)

Austria

4

[3-5]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Belarus

35

[23-46]

 

2000-2005

15

 

Belgium

10

[7-13]

 

2000-2005

4

 

Bosnia and Herzegovina

31

[21-42]

 

2000-2005

14

 

Bulgaria

32

[21-42]

 

2000-2005

13

 

Croatia

8

[5-11]

 

2000-2005

7

 

Czech Republic

9

[6-11]

 

2000-2005

6

 

Denmark

5

[3-6]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Estonia

63

[42-84]

 

2000-2005

10

 

Finland

6

[4-8]

 

2000-2005

4

 

France

17

[11-22]

 

2000-2005

4

 

Germany

8

[5-11]

 

2000-2005

4

 

Greece

9

[6-12]

 

2000-2005

6

 

Hungary

16

[11-22]

 

2000-2005

8

 

Iceland

0

[0-0]

 

2000-2005

3

 

Ireland

5

[4-7]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Italy

5

[4-7]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Latvia

42

[28-56]

 

2000-2005

10

 

Liechtenstein

..

..

 

1997

18

(4)

Lithuania

13

[9-18]

 

2000-2005

9

 

Luxembourg

28

[18-37]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Malta

21

[10-42]

(2)

2000-2005

7

 

Netherlands

16

[10-21]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Norway

16

[11-22]

 

2000-2005

4

 

Poland

13

[9-18]

 

2000-2005

9

 

Portugal

5

[4-7]

 

2000-2005

6

 

Republic of Moldova

36

[24-48]

 

2000-2005

26

 

Romania

49

[33-66]

 

2000-2005

18

 

Russian Federation

67

[45-90]

 

2000-2005

17

 

San Marino

..

..

 

2002

0

(1) (4)

Serbia and Montenegro

11

[7-15]

 

2000-2005

13

 

Slovakia

3

[2-4]

 

2000-2005

8

 

Slovenia

17

[12-23]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Spain

4

[3-6]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Sweden

2

[1-3]

 

2000-2005

3

 

Switzerland

7

[4-9]

 

2000-2005

4

 

The FYR of Macedonia

23

[15-30]

 

2000-2005

16

 

Ukraine

35

[23-47]

 

2000-2005

16

 

United Kingdom

13

[8-17]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Oceania

Australia

8

[5-10]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Fiji

75

[19-140]

 

2000-2005

22

 

French Polynesia

20

..

(2)

2000-2005

9

 

Guam

12

..

(2)

2000-2005

10

 

Kiribati

..

..

 

2000

43

 

Marshall Islands

..

..

 

2001

26

 

Micronesia (Federated States of)

..

..

 

2000-2005

38

 

Nauru

..

..

 

1995

25

(4)

New Caledonia

10

..

(2)

2000-2005

7

 

New Zealand

7

[5-10]

 

2000-2005

5

 

Palau

..

..

 

2002

23

(4)

Papua New Guinea

300

[77-570]

 

2000-2005

71

 

Samoa

130

..

(2)

2000-2005

26

 

Solomon Islands

130

[33-240]

 

2000-2005

34

 

Tonga

..

..

 

2000-2005

21

 

Tuvalu

..

..

 

2002

34

 

Vanuatu

130

..

(2)

2000-2005

34

 

Top

 
Sources
 
Maternal mortality ratio

World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund and United Nations Population Fund, Maternal mortality in 2000: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA, accessed on November 2004.
 
Infant mortality rate

United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, Volume I: Comprehensive Tables (United Nations publication, forthcoming), supplemented by Demographic Yearbook 2001 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E/F.03.XIII.1); Demographic Statistics database (as of June 2004); Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No.E/F.03.II.F.1); the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Population on Census Dates by Island published in http://www.spc.int/prism/social/health.html and for Palau http://www.spc.int/prism/country/pw/stats/PalauStats/Social/Health&Vital/Health.htm accessed on 28 January 2005.

 
Footnotes
 

(1)

Including nationals temporarily outside the country.

(2)

For this country or area, the 1995 estimate is shown. No estimate was prepared for the year 2000.

(3)

For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China.

(4)

Rates based on 10 or fewer infant deaths.
 
Technical notes
 

Maternal mortality ratio is defined as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Maternal deaths refer to deaths caused by deliveries and complications of pregnancy, child-birth and the puerperium. However, the exact definition varies from case to case and is not always clear in the original source, particularly regarding the inclusion of abortion-related deaths.

The World Health Organization observes that most maternal deaths go unregistered in areas where maternal mortality rates are highest. To address this information gap, WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund developed estimates of maternal mortality using a dual strategy. This involved using available data wherever possible, adjusted to account for the common problems of under-reporting and misclassification of maternal deaths, and developing a simple model to predict values for countries with no reliable national data. The estimates derived from this approach are considered to be more reliable than earlier ones and are the ones shown here.

Infant mortality rate is the total number of deaths in a given year of children less than one year old divided by the total number of live births in the same year, multiplied by 1,000. It is an approximation of the number of deaths per 1,000 children born alive who die within one year of birth. This series is taken from the estimates and projections of the Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat, based on a review of all available national sources. In countries where civil registration and vital statistics are deficient, the most reliable sources are demographic surveys of households. Where these are not available, other sources and general estimates are made which are necessarily of limited reliability. Where countries lack comprehensive and accurate systems of civil registration, infant mortality statistics by sex are difficult to collect or to estimate with any degree of reliability because of reporting biases and thus disaggregation of infant mortality by sex is not shown here.

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United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics