8.17. The structural metadata in tourism statistics provide identifiers and descriptors of data. Without the associated metadata, any data item (e.g., a specific number) becomes meaningless and cannot be used.
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Box VIII.3 A simple numerical example of metadata To treat any number, say, 10, as part of tourism statistics would require its association with certain minimal metadata items. A comma‑delimited record, combining data and metadata items, created to achieve this goal might resemble the following (10, number of arrivals, thousand, 2012, XYZ, Australia, Air). This record can be understood as follows: there were 10 thousand arrivals in 2012 to country XYZ from Australia by air. The structural metadata used in this example are: • Unit of measure (number of arrivals) • Multiplier (thousand) • Reference period (year 2012) • Reporting country • Country of residence (Australia) • Mode of transport (air) ______________________________ Source: World Tourism Organization. |
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8.19. The required structural metadata can be determined on the basis of the recommendations contained in IRTS 2008 and in the preceding chapters of this Compilation Guide. Examples of a list of of structural metadata items are presented in Table VIII.1 and Table VIII.2. The first list is for use in data on tourism trips and characteristics of visitors and the second is for use in data on tourism expenditure.
Table VIII.1
Structural metadata for use in data sets on tourism trips and characteristics of visitors
Metadata item | Description of possible values of metadata item |
Form of tourism | Inbound tourism, outbound tourism, domestic tourism, internal tourism, national tourism, international tourism |
Unit of measure | Number of arrivals, number of departures, number of visits |
Multiplier | E.g., thousand, million |
Reference period | Month, quarter, annual |
Sex | Male, female |
Age | Age groups |
Economic activity status | ICSE-93 |
Occupation | ISCO-08 |
Annual income | National classification of income groups |
Education | ISCED 1997 |
Travel party size | Number |
Country of residence | Any in United Nations Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use |
Country of destination | Any in United Nations Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use |
Territorial unit | Territorial unit according to the national classification of territories and administrative areas of a compiling country |
Main purpose of trip | As defined in IRTS 2008, figure 3.1 and paragraphs 3.17–3.20 |
Duration of a trip or visit | Number of overnight stays and/or number of days |
Mode of transport | As defined in IRTS 2008, figure 3.2 |
Type of accommodation | National classification of types of accommodation |
Table VIII.2
2 Structural metadata for use in data sets on tourism expenditure
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