Statistics
and indicators on women and men |
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Table
3.B - Indicators on HIV/AIDS, maternity care and maternal
mortality |
|
|
People
with HIV/AIDS
at the end of 2001 |
%
pregnant
women who
received
prenatal
careh, 1996 |
%
deliveries
attended
by skilled
attendant,
1996 |
Maternal
mortality ratio
(per 100,000
live births),
around 2000 |
|
|
Estimated
numberg
(thousands)
|
% women
among
adults |
|
|
Africa |
Algeria |
.. |
.. |
58 |
77 |
140b |
Angola |
350 |
59 |
25 |
17 |
1700b |
Benin |
120 |
61 |
60 |
38 |
850c |
Botswana |
330 |
57 |
92 |
77 |
100b |
Burkina
Faso |
440 |
58 |
59 |
43 |
1000c |
Burundi |
390 |
58 |
88 |
24 |
1000b |
Cameroon |
920 |
58 |
73 |
58 |
730c |
Cape
Verde |
.. |
.. |
99 |
.. |
150b |
Central
African Republic |
250 |
59 |
67 |
46 |
1100c |
Chad |
150 |
58 |
30 |
15 |
1100c |
Comoros |
.. |
.. |
69 |
24 |
480b |
Congo |
110 |
60 |
55 |
50 |
510b |
Côte
d'Ivoire |
770 |
58 |
83 |
45 |
690b |
Dem.
Rep. of the Congo |
1
300 |
61 |
66 |
.. |
990b |
Djibouti |
.. |
.. |
76 |
79 |
730b |
Egypt |
8 |
10 |
53 |
46 |
84d |
Equatorial
Guinea |
6 |
55 |
37 |
5 |
880b |
Eritrea |
55 |
61 |
19 |
6 |
630c |
Ethiopia |
2
100 |
58 |
20 |
8 |
850c |
Gabon |
.. |
.. |
86 |
80 |
420c |
Gambia |
8 |
56 |
91 |
44 |
540b |
Ghana |
360 |
52 |
86 |
44 |
540b |
Guinea |
.. |
.. |
59 |
31 |
740c |
Guinea-Bissau |
17 |
58 |
50 |
.. |
1100b |
Kenya |
2
500 |
61 |
95 |
45 |
1000c |
Lesotho |
360 |
55 |
91 |
50 |
550b |
Liberia |
.. |
.. |
83 |
58 |
760b |
Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya |
7 |
16 |
100 |
76 |
97b |
Madagascar |
22 |
57 |
78 |
57 |
550c |
Malawi |
850 |
56 |
90 |
55 |
1800c |
Mali |
100 |
54 |
25 |
24 |
1200c |
Mauritania |
.. |
.. |
49 |
40 |
1000c |
Mauritius |
1 |
50 |
99 |
97 |
24a |
Morocco |
13 |
15 |
45 |
40 |
220c |
Mozambique |
1
100 |
63 |
54 |
30 |
1000b |
Namibia |
230 |
55 |
88 |
68 |
300b |
Niger |
.. |
.. |
30 |
15 |
1600b |
Nigeria |
3
500 |
53 |
60 |
31 |
800b |
Reunion |
.. |
.. |
95 |
97 |
41b |
Rwanda |
500 |
58 |
94 |
26 |
1400c |
Sao
Tome and Principe |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Senegal |
27 |
58 |
74 |
47 |
690b |
Sierra
Leone |
170 |
60 |
30 |
25 |
2000b |
Somalia |
43 |
.. |
40 |
2 |
1100b |
South
Africa |
5
000 |
57 |
89 |
82 |
230b |
Sudan |
450 |
56 |
54 |
86 |
590b |
Swaziland |
170 |
59 |
70 |
56 |
370b |
Togo |
150 |
58 |
43 |
32 |
570c |
Tunisia |
.. |
.. |
71 |
90 |
120b |
Uganda |
600 |
55 |
87 |
38 |
880c |
United
Rep. of Tanzania |
1
500 |
58 |
92 |
44 |
1500c |
Zambia |
1
200 |
59 |
92 |
51 |
750c |
Zimbabwe |
2
300 |
60 |
93 |
69 |
1100c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin
America/Caribbean
|
Antigua
and Barbuda |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Argentina |
130 |
23 |
.. |
96 |
85a |
Bahamas |
6 |
44 |
100 |
100 |
60b |
Barbados |
.. |
.. |
98 |
98 |
95a |
Belize |
3 |
45 |
96 |
77 |
140d |
Bolivia |
5 |
27 |
52 |
46 |
420b |
Brazil |
610 |
37 |
74 |
73 |
260c |
Chile |
20 |
22 |
91 |
98 |
31a |
Colombia |
140 |
14 |
83 |
85 |
130b |
Costa
Rica |
11 |
25 |
95 |
97 |
43a |
Cuba |
3 |
26 |
100 |
99 |
33d |
Dominica |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Dominican
Republic |
130 |
51 |
97 |
90 |
150b |
Ecuador |
20 |
27 |
75 |
64 |
130b |
El
Salvador |
24 |
27 |
69 |
87 |
150b |
Grenada |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Guatemala |
67 |
43 |
53 |
35 |
240c |
Guyana |
18 |
50 |
95 |
93 |
170b |
Haiti |
250 |
50 |
68 |
20 |
680c |
Honduras |
57 |
50 |
73 |
47 |
110d |
Jamaica |
20 |
40 |
98 |
92 |
87d |
Mexico |
150 |
21 |
71 |
69 |
83a |
Netherlands
Antilles |
.. |
.. |
95 |
95 |
20j |
Nicaragua |
6 |
27 |
71 |
61 |
230b |
Panama |
25 |
35 |
72 |
84 |
210a |
Paraguay |
.. |
.. |
83 |
66 |
170b |
Peru |
53 |
25 |
64 |
53 |
410c |
Puerto
Rico |
.. |
.. |
99 |
99 |
25a |
Saint
Kitts and Nevis |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Saint
Lucia |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
St.
Vincent/Grenadines |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
Suriname |
4 |
50 |
100 |
91 |
110d |
Trinidad
and Tobago |
17 |
33 |
98 |
98 |
160a |
Uruguay |
6 |
23 |
80 |
96 |
27a |
Venezuela |
.. |
.. |
74 |
97 |
96a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia
|
Afghanistan |
.. |
.. |
8 |
8 |
1900b |
Armenia |
2 |
20 |
95 |
95 |
55b |
Azerbaijan |
1 |
20 |
95 |
95 |
94b |
Bahrain |
<1 |
.. |
96 |
94 |
28a |
Bangladesh |
13 |
24 |
23 |
14 |
380e |
Bhutan |
<1 |
.. |
51 |
12 |
420b |
Brunei
Darussalam |
.. |
.. |
100 |
98 |
37b |
Cambodia |
170 |
46 |
52 |
21 |
450c |
Chinai |
850 |
26 |
79 |
85 |
58d |
China, Hong Kong SAR |
3 |
25 |
100 |
100 |
.. |
Cyprus |
<1 |
.. |
100 |
98 |
47a |
Dem.
People's Rep. of Korea |
.. |
.. |
100 |
100 |
67b |
Georgia |
1 |
20 |
95 |
95 |
32b |
India |
3
970 |
39 |
62 |
35 |
540e |
Indonesia |
120 |
23 |
82 |
36 |
230b |
Iran
(Islamic Rep. of) |
20 |
25 |
62 |
74 |
76f |
Iraq |
<1 |
.. |
59 |
54 |
250b |
Israel |
.. |
.. |
90 |
99 |
17a |
Jordan |
<1 |
.. |
80 |
87 |
41d |
Kazakstan |
6 |
20 |
92 |
99 |
210b |
Kuwait |
.. |
.. |
99 |
99 |
5a |
Kyrgyzstan |
1 |
.. |
90 |
95 |
110b |
Lao
People's Dem. Rep. |
1 |
27 |
25 |
30 |
650b |
Lebanon |
.. |
.. |
85 |
45 |
150b |
Malaysia |
42 |
27 |
90 |
98 |
41d |
Maldives |
<1 |
.. |
95 |
90 |
110b |
Mongolia |
<1 |
.. |
90 |
97 |
110a |
Myanmar |
.. |
.. |
80 |
52 |
360b |
Nepal |
58 |
25 |
15 |
8 |
740c |
Oman |
1 |
15 |
98 |
92 |
87b |
Pakistan |
78 |
21 |
27 |
18 |
500b |
Philippines |
9 |
27 |
83 |
53 |
200c |
Qatar |
.. |
.. |
100 |
97 |
7a |
Republic
of Korea |
4 |
24 |
96 |
95 |
20d |
Saudi
Arabia |
.. |
.. |
87 |
90 |
23d |
Singapore |
3 |
25 |
100 |
100 |
30a |
Sri
Lanka |
5 |
30 |
100 |
94 |
92d |
Syrian
Arab Republic |
.. |
.. |
33 |
67 |
160b |
Tajikistan |
<1 |
.. |
90 |
92 |
100b |
Thailand |
670 |
34 |
77 |
71 |
44d |
Turkey |
.. |
.. |
62 |
76 |
70b |
Turkmenistan |
<1 |
.. |
90 |
90 |
31b |
United
Arab Emirates |
.. |
.. |
95 |
96 |
54b |
Uzbekistan |
1 |
20 |
90 |
90 |
24b |
Viet
Nam |
130 |
27 |
78 |
79 |
130b |
Yemen |
10 |
15 |
26 |
16 |
570c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oceania
|
Fiji |
<1 |
.. |
100 |
100 |
75b |
French
Polynesia |
.. |
.. |
95 |
98 |
20j |
Guam |
.. |
.. |
97 |
100 |
12j |
New
Caledonia |
.. |
.. |
98 |
98 |
10j |
Papua
New Guinea |
17 |
26 |
70 |
33 |
300b |
Samoa |
.. |
.. |
52 |
52 |
130j |
Solomon
Islands |
.. |
.. |
71 |
85 |
130b |
Vanuatu |
.. |
.. |
90 |
79 |
130j |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed
regions
|
Albania |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
55b |
Australia |
12 |
7 |
.. |
.. |
8a |
Austria |
10 |
22 |
.. |
.. |
4a |
Belarus |
15 |
25 |
.. |
.. |
35a |
Belgium |
9 |
36 |
.. |
.. |
10a |
Bosnia
and Herzegovina |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
31a |
Bulgaria |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
32a |
Canada |
55 |
25 |
.. |
.. |
6a |
Croatia |
<1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
8a |
Czech
Republic |
1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
9a |
Denmark |
4 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
5a |
Estonia |
8 |
19 |
.. |
.. |
63a |
Finland |
1 |
28 |
.. |
.. |
6a |
France |
100 |
27 |
.. |
.. |
17a |
Germany |
41 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
8a |
Greece |
9 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
9a |
Hungary |
3 |
11 |
.. |
.. |
16a |
Iceland |
<1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
0a |
Ireland |
2 |
30 |
.. |
.. |
5a |
Italy |
100 |
33 |
.. |
.. |
5a |
Japan |
12 |
55 |
.. |
.. |
10a |
Latvia |
5 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
42a |
Lithuania |
1 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
13a |
Luxembourg |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
28a |
Malta |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
21a |
Netherlands |
17 |
19 |
.. |
.. |
16a |
New
Zealand |
1 |
15 |
.. |
.. |
7a |
Norway |
2 |
22 |
.. |
.. |
16a |
Poland |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
13a |
Portugal |
27 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
5a |
Republic
of Moldova |
6 |
22 |
.. |
.. |
36a |
Romania |
7 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
49a |
Russian
Federation |
700 |
26 |
.. |
.. |
67a |
Serbia
and Montenegro |
10 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
11a |
Slovakia |
<1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
3a |
Slovenia |
<1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
17a |
Spain |
130 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
4a |
Sweden |
3 |
27 |
.. |
.. |
2a |
Switzerland |
19 |
32 |
.. |
.. |
7a |
The
FYR of Macedonia |
<1 |
.. |
.. |
.. |
23a |
Ukraine |
250 |
30 |
.. |
.. |
35a |
United
Kingdom |
34 |
22 |
.. |
.. |
13a |
United
States |
900 |
20 |
.. |
.. |
11a |
Back
Sources:
For people living with
HIV/AIDS : Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic 2002
(www.unaids.org, accessed on Dec. 2002); for prenatal
care and deliveries by skilled attendant: Wistat, Version
4,CD-ROM, based on WHO, "Coverage of maternity
care: a listing of available information", fourth
edition (WHO/RHT/MSM/96.28) (Geneva, 1996); for maternal
mortality ratio: estimates from "Maternal Mortality
in 2000: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA".
Footnotes:
Note: Two dots (..) indicate that data
are not available or are not reported separately
aMaternal
mortality estimated from vital registration, characterized
as complete(over 90% of adult deaths are reported) with
good attribution of cause of death.
bMaternal mortality derived by using a statistical
model because of poor attribution of cause of death or
non-existence of national data on maternal mortality.
cMaternal
mortality derived from direct sisterhood estimates.
dFrom Reproductive Age Mortality Survey (RAMOS)
or RAMOS-type surveys.
eHousehold
survey estimates.
fMaternal mortality derived from population
census of 1996.
gAdults and children.
hPercentage of women attended at least once during
pregnancy by skilled health personnel for reasons related to pregnancy.
iFor
statistical purposes, data for China do not include Hong
Kong SAR and Macao SAR.
j1995 estimates.
Technical
notes:
Table 3.B presents the
estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS and the
percentage of women among them, the percentage of pregnant
women receiving prenatal care, the percentage of deliveries
attended by a skilled attendant and maternal mortality
ratio.
The estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS and
the percentage of women among adults living with HIV/AIDS
are obtained from a report prepared by UNAIDS and WHO
in 2002. The data provided are summarized from the individual
country 2001 epidemiological fact sheets, which are the
collaborative efforts of UNAIDS, WHO and national AIDS
programmes or other national authorities.
The estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS includes
all adults aged 15-49 and children under 15 infected with
HIV, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS,
alive at the end of 2001. Percentage of women among those
living with HIV/AIDS is calculated only for adults aged
15-49.
Table 3.B includes two basic indicators of maternity care
during pregnancy and delivery: percentage of pregnant
women receiving prenatal care and percentage of deliveries
attended by a skilled attendant. The latter has been widely
found to be a sensitive indicator in developing countries
of access to maternal health services, which are essential
to the survival and health of mothers and infants. Both
indicators are estimated by WHO from a variety of national
sources.
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care refers to women
attended at least once during pregnancy by skilled health
personnel for reasons related to pregnancy. Number of
live births, as a proxy for the total number of pregnancies,
is used as the denominator in calculating the percentage
of pregnant women receiving prenatal care. The percentage
of deliveries attended by a skilled attendant is based
on deliveries attended by skilled health personnel, irrespective
of outcome (live birth or foetal death). Skilled attendant
at delivery includes doctors (specialist or non-specialist)
and/or persons with midwifery skills who can diagnose
and manage obstetrical complications as well as normal
deliveries. It excludes the category trained traditional
birth attendant, even if the attendant has undergone extensive
training and is subsequently integrated in the formal
health-care system. The number of live births, as a proxy
for the total number of pregnancies, is used as the denominator
in calculating the percentage of deliveries attended by
a skilled attendant.
Reliable national data on coverage of maternity care are
not always available. Systematic national data-collection
systems are often inadequate or absent. Estimates therefore
rely on multiple sources, such as community-based studies,
demographic and health surveys and other reports. The
accuracy and precision of estimates depend upon the quality
of the data on which they are based. Given the absence
of standardized reporting systems, estimates given in
this table should be interpreted with caution and viewed
as indicating approximate orders of magnitude of coverage
rather than precise figures. The estimates pertain to
a period of time, rather than to a specific point in time.
Furthermore, these estimates of maternity care do not
take into account variation in the quality or impact of
care.
Maternal mortality ratio is defined as the number of maternal
deaths divided by the number of live births for a given
year and is expressed per 100,000 live births. Maternal
deaths are defined as those caused by deliveries and complications
of pregnancy, child-birth and the puerperium. However,
the exact definition varies from case to case and is not
always clear in the original source, particularly regarding
the inclusion of abortion-related deaths.
Furthermore, the World Health Organization observes that
most maternal deaths go unregistered in areas where maternal
mortality rates are highest. To address this information
gap, WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund recently
developed new estimates of maternal mortality using a
dual strategy. This involved using available data wherever
possible, adjusted to account for the common problems
of under-reporting and misclassification of maternal deaths,
and developing a simple model to predict values for countries
with no reliable national data. The estimates derived
from this approach are considered to be more reliable
than earlier ones and are the ones shown here.