GENERAL INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS (Volume 1: 1953-1993)
INTRODUCTION
The data contained on this CD represents the entire General Industrial Statistics dataset
of General Industrial Statistics collected by the Industrial Statistics
Section of the United Nations Statistics Division. It covers the period
1953-1993. The 1991 edition of the Industrial Statistics Yearbook, Volume
I: General Industrial Statistics, was the last published, using the data
included on the CD. A hard copy of that Yearbook (sales No. E.93.XVII.7)
can be ordered through the United Nations Publications Department: publications@un.org.
As of 1993, the collection of General Industrial Statistics in value terms
has been discontinued by the Industrial Statistics Section of the United
Nations Statistics Division, and some of the collection activities have
been taken over by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization
(UNIDO). For more information on the data collected by UNIDO collect,
please consult their website: www.unido.org.
The data presented was derived from replies from yearly questionnaires
distributed to countries' statistical offices. The index numbers of industrial
production were obtained from replies to quarterly questionnaires.
The data shown have been compiled bearing in mind the requirements of
international comparability and the standards for this work promulgated
by the United Nations. The concepts and definitions of the items of data
are drawn from the International Recommendations for Industrial Statistics
(statistical papers, Series M, No.48/Rev.1) and the classification by
industry from the International Standard Industrial Classification of
All Economic Activities (ISIC), (statistical papers, Series M, No.4/Rev.2).
INQUIRIES AND ORDERS
The General Industrial Statistics dataset can be ordered from the United Nations Publications website here.
PRESENTATION OF DATA
The dataset contains the following codes and indicators of industrial
activity, per country:
01 Number of establishments
02 Number of enterprises
03 Average number of persons engaged
04 Average number of employees
05 Wages and salaries of employees
06 Supplements to wages and salaries
07 Average number of operatives
08 Wages and salaries of operatives
09 Hours worked by operatives
10 Days worked by operatives
11 Quantity of electricity consumed
12 Output in factor values
13 Output in producers' prices
14 Output
15 Cost of goods and industrial services consumed
16 Cost of materials and supplies consumed
17 Cost of purchased fuels and electricity consumed
18 Value added in factor values
19 Value added in producers' prices
20 Value added
21 Gross fixed capital formation - total
22 Gross fixed capital formation machinery and equipment
23 Value of stocks at end of period - total
24 Value of stocks at end of period - materials, fuels and supplies
25 Value of stocks at end of period - work in progress
26 Value of stocks at end of period - finished goods
27 Index numbers of industrial production
INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION
The classification of industrial activity set out in the tables follows
the three-digit or major group level of International Standard Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev.2, supplemented
by selected four-digit groups. Where information was not provided in this
form, the estimates are shown in the most applicable category. Aggregates
at the one-digit or major division level and for industry as a whole are
included.
REFERENCE UNIT
For most countries represented, the data shown relate to the activity
of "establishments" in the specified industries rather than
any other type of industrial unit. In a few cases, however, the concepts
of "kind-or-activity unit", "local unit" or "enterprise"
are found. An "establishment" is ideally a unit which engages,
under a single ownership or control, in one, or predominantly one, kind
of activity at a single location: for example, an individual mine, workshop,
factory or generating station. A "kind-of-activity unit" differs
from the establishment in that there is no restriction in respect of the
geographical area in which a given kind of activity is carried on by a
single legal entity. A "local unit", on the other hand, comprises
all activities carried on under a single ownership or control at a single
location and differs from the establishment-type of unit in that there
is no restriction on the range of these activities. An "enterprise
is a legal entity possessing the right to conduct business in its own
name: for example, to enter into contracts, own property, incur liability
for debts, and establish bank accounts. In the Eastern European countries
and the former USSR, the reference unit is normally the enterprise and
this is usually defined as the unit having a single administration with
the right to conclude contracts, an independent production plan, an independent
current bank account and a self-contained system of bookkeeping with independent
balance sheets and profit-and-loss statements. Specific information on
the character of the units covered in the tables for each country is set
out in the introductory note to each chapter.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF THE ITEMS
The United Nations standards which have been applied are set out below.
All values are in national currency units and are at current prices unless
otherwise indicated.
Number of persons engaged, number of employees and number of operatives
The number of persons engaged is defined as the total number of persons
who worked in or for the establishment during the reference year. However,
home-workers are excluded. The concept covers working proprietors, active
business partners and unpaid family workers as well as employees. The
figures reported refer normally to the average number of persons engaged
during the reference year, obtained as the sum of the "average number
of employees" during the year and the total number of other persons
engaged measured for a single period of the year. The category "employees"
is intended to include all persons engaged other than working proprietors,
active business partners and unpaid family workers.
The category "operatives" refers to all employees engaged in
production or the related activities of the establishment, including any
clerical or working supervisory personnel whose function is to record
or expedite any step in the production process. Employees of a similar
type engaged in activities ancillary to the main activity of the establishment
and those engaged in truck driving, repair and maintenance and so on are
also considered to be operatives.
Wages and salaries
The estimates of wages and salaries include all payments in cash or in
kind made to "employees" or "operatives", as the case
may be, during the reference year in relation to work done for the establishment.
The payments include: (a) direct wages and salaries; (b) remuneration
for time not worked; (c) bonuses and gratuities; (d) housing allowances
and family allowances paid directly by the employer; and (e) payments
in kind. Excluded are the employers' contributions in respect of their
employees paid to social security, pension and insurance schemes, as well
as the benefits received by employees under these schemes and severance
and termination pay.
Supplements to wages and salaries
This item covers all payments made by the employer on behalf of the employees
which are normally considered in national accounting practice to form
part of compensation of employees, but not of wages and salaries. Examples
are: (a) statutory social security contributions; (b) collectively agreed,
contractual and non-obligatory contributions to private pension and insurance
schemes; (c) direct payments to employees in respect of absence from work
owing to maternity, sickness or employment injury, to compensate for loss
of earnings; other direct payments to employees comparable to social security
benefits; (d) cost of medical care and health services provided by outside
organizations; and (e) severance and termination pay. The sum of this
item and "wages and salaries" equals total compensation of employees
as defined for national accounting purposes.
Hours or days worked by operatives
Hours worked by operatives refer to the total number of hours actually
spent by operatives at work, including waiting time. Overtime is included
and calculated in terms of actual hours spent at work and not in terms
of time paid for. Since the concept refers to hours worked rather than
hours paid for, time spent on vacation and on casual or sick leave are
excluded.
Days worked by operatives refer to the total number of days actually spent
at work. Except for the difference in the unit of measurement, the concept
is the same as that for hours worked.
Quantity of electricity consumed
The quantity of electricity consumed is defined as the sum of the quantity
of electricity purchased and generated less the quantity sold to others.
Output
The measure of output normally used in the tables is the census concept
which covers only activities of an industrial nature. The value of census
output in the case of estimates compiled on a production basis comprises:
(a) the value of all products of the establishment; (b) the net change
between the beginning and the end of the reference period in the value
of work in progress and stocks of goods to be shipped in the same condition
as received; (c) the value of industrial work done or industrial services
rendered to others; (d) the value of goods shipped in the same condition
as received less the amount paid for these goods; and (e) the value of
fixed assets produced during the period by the unit for its own use. In
the case of estimates compiled on a shipment basis, the net change between
the beginning and the end of the reference period in the value of stocks
of finished goods is also included. Gross output is equivalent to census
output plus the revenue from activities of a non-industrial nature. Valuation
may be in factor values, excluding all indirect taxes falling on production
and including all current subsidies received in support of production
activity, or in producers' prices, including all indirect taxes and excluding
all subsidies.
Value added
The measure of value added normally used in the tables is the census concept,
which is defined as the value of census output less the value of census
input, which covers: (a) value of materials and supplies for production
(including cost of all fuel and purchased electricity); and (b) cost of
industrial services received (mainly payments for contract and commission
work and repair and maintenance work). If input estimates are compiled
on a "received" rather than on a "consumed" basis,
the result is adjusted for the net change between the beginning and the
end of the period in the value of the stocks of materials, fuel and other
supplies.
Total value added is the national accounting concept. It is ideally represented
by the contribution of the establishments in each branch of activity to
the gross domestic product. For the measure of total value added, the
cost of non-industrial services is deducted from and the receipts for
non-industrial services are added to census value added. The estimates,
whether in terms of census value added or total value added, are gross
of depreciation and other provisions for capital consumption, unless otherwise
stated. The valuation may be in factor values or in producers' prices,
depending on the treatment of indirect taxes and subsidies.
Gross fixed capital formation
The estimates refer to the value of purchases and own-account construction
of fixed assets during the reference year less the value of corresponding
sales. The fixed assets covered are those, whether new or used, with a
productive life of one year or more which are intended for the use of
the establishment, including fixed assets made by the establishment's
own labour force for its own use. Major additions, alterations and improvements
to existing assets which extend with normal economic life or raise their
productivity are also included.
New fixed assets include all those that have not been previously used
in the country. Thus, newly imported fixed assets are considered new whether
or not used before they were imported. Used fixed assets include all those
that have been previously used within the country. Transactions in fixed
assets include: (a) land; (b) buildings, other construction and land improvements;
(c) transport equipment; and (d) machinery and other equipment. The data
for machinery and other equipment are separately shown in the tables,
where available. This category covers industrial machinery: office machinery,
equipment, furniture and furnishings; art objects; professional instruments
and equipment; and any other machinery and equipment. Major alterations
and improvements of these existing types of machinery and equipment are
included.
Assets acquired from others are valued at purchasers' prices, which cover
all costs directly connected with the acquisition and installation of
the items for use. In principle, assets produced on own account are also
valued in this manner. However, it may frequently be necessary to value
such own-account production at explicit cost, including any imputations
that may be required in respect of the employed own-account labour. Assets
produced by one establishment of a multi-establishment enterprise for
the use of another establishment of the same enterprise should be valued
by the receiving establishment as though purchased from outside the enterprise.
Sales of assets should be valued at the actual amounts realized rather
than at book values.
Value of stocks
The estimates comprise the value of all stocks owned by the parent enterprise
and held by, or under the control of the reporting establishment, either
at the establishment itself or elsewhere at the end of the reference year.
The components are: materials, fuels and supplies; work in progress; finished
goods and goods to be shipped in the same condition as received. In principle,
stocks of materials are valued at current replacement cost; an imputed
valuation of the work done, including an imputed margin for overhead costs
and profits, is used for work in progress; stocks of finished goods are
valued in the same manner as the finished products manufactured by the
establishment. In practice, however, the book values are frequently used.
Index numbers of industrial production
The indices in the tables are compiled from national indices which are
calculated by use of the Laspeyres formula. The comparison base year is
1980. However, if different base years are used in any countries, the
national indices are converted to the 1980 base year.
Country nomenclature
China - Data referring to the People's Republic of China exclude those
for Taiwan Province, unless otherwise stated.
Czechoslovakia - Czechoslovakia ceased to exist as of 31 December 1992.
All data for the former Czechoslovakia pertain to 1991 or earlier.
Germany - Through accession of the German Democratic Republic to the
Federal Republic of Germany with effect from 3 October 1990, the two German
States have united to form one sovereign State. As from the date of unification,
the Federal Republic of Germany acts in the United Nations under the designation
of Germany.
USSR - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ceased to exist as of
24 December 1991. In the present publication, all data for the former
USSR pertain to 1990 or earlier.
Yemen - On 22 May 1990, Democratic Yemen and Yemen merged to form a single
State. Since that date, they have been represented as one Member with
the name Yemen.
Yugoslavia - Data provided for Yugoslavia prior to 1 January 1992 refer
to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which was composed of
six republics. Data provided for Yugoslavia after that date refer to the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which is composed of two republics (Serbia
and Montenegro). All data for Yugoslavia pertain to 1991 or earlier.
GENERAL DISCLAIMER
The designations used in any of the files contained in the CD do not
imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat
of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory,
city or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries. The term "country" as used in any of
the files contained in the CD also refers, as appropriate, to territories
or areas.
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