Download data Table 5c. Distribution of labour force by status in employment Last Updated: December 2008       Percentage employees Percentage employers Percentage own-account workers Percentage contributing family workers                   Country or area   Year     Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Source Algeria   2004     50   62   1   6   35   25   14   7   HS   American Samoa   1990   i 99   97   1   3   0   0   0   0   PC   Anguilla   2001   a 66   63   22   13   1   2   4   8   PC   Antigua and Barbuda   1991   83   78   3   5   13   15   1   1   PC   Argentina   2006   c,k   80   73   3   5   16   21   2   1   HS   Australia   2007   a 91   86   2   3   7   11   0   0   HS   Austria   2007   v 88   84   3   7   6   7   3   2   HS   Azerbaijan   2007 33   51   1   9   66   41   0   0   HS   Bahamas   2004   a 87   82   …   …   …   …   1   0   HS   Bangladesh   2005   a,w 12   15   0   0   26   75   60   10   HS   Barbados   2004   a 90   80   1   2   10   18   0   0   HS   Belgium   2006     88   82   2   6   6   11   3   0   HS   Belize   2005   e 74   67   5   8   17   21   4   4   HS   Bhutan   2005     18   52   1   2   24   18   52   21   PC   Bolivia   2002   x 27   39   2   7   36   42   35   13   HS   Bosnia and Herzegovina   2006 73   72   …   …   …   …   11   3   HS   Botswana   2003   a,d   72   74   2   3   15   5   2   2   HS   Brazil   2006   c 66   62   3   6   16   25   8   5   HS   British Virgin Islands   1991     92   84   4   7   3   7   …   …   PC   Brunei Darussalam   1991     96   94   1   1   3   4   1   0   PC   Bulgaria   2007   v 91   85   2   6   5   9   2   1   HS   Burkina Faso   1994   c 1   6   0   1   11   40   87   52   HS   Cameroon   2001     9   29   1   2   61   55   27   10   HS   Canada   2007   g 89   81   3   7   8   12   0   0   HS   Cape Verde   2000   c 33   44   2   3   29   29   15   7   PC   Cayman Islands   2007     95   89   3   5   2   6   …   …   HS   Chad   1993   f 1   9   0   0   54   76   44   13   PC   Chile   2007   v 74   71   2   4   21   24   3   1   HS   China, Hong Kong SAR   2007   a,dd   94   84   2   6   3   10   1   0   HS   China, Macao SAR   2007   a,e   95   89   2   5   3   6   1   0   HS   Colombia   2007   a,c   56   53   3   6   35   38   6   3   HS   Costa Rica   2007   d 76   71   4   9   17   18   3   1   HS   Croatia   2007   v,z 80   77   3   7   14   14   4   1   HS   Cuba   2007   aa 94   77   …   …   4   17   …   …   HS   Cyprus   2007   n,v 87   74   2   10   9   16   3   1   HS   Czech Republic   2007     89   79   2   5   8   15   1   0   HS   Denmark   2007   dd 95   88   …   …   …   …   1   0   HS   Djibouti   1991   bb 79   75   0   2   15   17   …   …   HS   Dominica   2001     76   64   3   6   19   28   2   1   PC   Dominican Republic   2005   c 67   46   3   6   26   46   5   3   HS   Ecuador   2006   c,l 55   63   5   8   30   25   11   4   HS   Egypt   2006 54   64   3   16   11   12   33   9   HS   El Salvador   2006   c 43   64   3   6   34   20   10   9   HS   Equatorial Guinea   1983   b 6   31   …   …   …   …   77   17   PC   Eritrea   1996     76   80   16   12   8   5   1   2   DA   Estonia   2007   g,v 95   88   2   5   4   8   0   0   HS   Ethiopia   2006   a,c,l   43   49   0   1   43   41   13   8   HS   Fiji   2005   m 57   59   1   1   20   27   20   12   HS   Finland   2007   g 92   82   8   16   …   …   0   1   HS   France   2007 93   86   2   6   4   8   1   0   HS   Gabon   1993     29   59   0   1   57   35   5   2   PC   Germany   2007     91   86   8   14   …   …   2   0   HS   Greece   2007   v 69   61   4   11   16   25   11   4   HS   Grenada   1998     75   69   4   7   17   17   2   1   HS   Guatemala   2002   a,c 26   31   2   7   37   30   25   21   HS   Guyana   1992   e 53   52   …   …   …   …   4   10   HS   Haiti   1990   c 21   17   …   …   …   …   11   12   OE   Honduras   2005   cc 53   49   …   …   …   …   8   12   HS   Hungary   2007   g,v 91   85   3   7   5   8   1   0   HS   Iceland   2007       92   81   3   7   5   12   0   0   HS   Indonesia   2007     31   36   1   4   34   53   34   8   HS   Iran, Islamic Republic of   2007   c 42   53   1   6   23   34   33   5   HS   Ireland   2007     93   76   3   8   4   15   1   0   HS   Isle of Man   2001     92   80   2   6   5   14   …   …   PC   Israel   2007 92   84   2   6   5   9   0   0   HS   Italy   2007     80   70   1   2   14   25   3   1   HS   Jamaica   2006   a,e   66   58   2   4   29   38   2   1   HS   Japan   2007     86   86   1   4   5   9   7   1   HS   Kazakhstan   2004     60   64   1   2   37   32   1   1   HS   Kyrgyzstan   2006     52   50   1   2   28   39   19   9   HS   Lao People's Democratic Republic   1995   a,d   5   14   0   0   57   56   38   29   PC   Latvia   2007   v 92   87   2   4   5   7   2   2   HS   Lesotho   1999   c 30   23   1   1   6   4   …   …   HS   Lithuania   2007   v 89   84   …   …   …   …   2   1   HS   Madagascar   2005   a,b   11   16   …   …   16   52   73   32   HS   Malawi   1987   c 4   29   0   0   96   71   …   …   PC   Malaysia   2007   a,f   77   73   1   5   13   20   9   3   HS   Maldives   2000   d,v 29   21   1   5   35   55   3   1   PC   Mali   2004   p 11   15   …   …   …   …   10   18   HS   Malta   2007     93   83   2   6   6   11   0   0   HS   Marshall Islands   1999     68   73   0   1   29   24   0   1   PC   Mauritius   2007   a,i   83   77   1   4   10   17   5   1   HS   Mexico   2007   e 65   66   3   7   22   23   10   5   HS   Mongolia   2003   a 42   37   0   1   26   43   32   18   HS   Montenegro   2005   f 85   77   …   …   …   …   3   2   HS   Montserrat   1991     87   78   3   6   9   14   1   1   PC   Morocco   2006 33   47   1   3   10   30   55   17   HS   Namibia   2004   ff 69   76   4   7   22   14   6   3   HS   Nepal   2001   c 13   34   4   4   71   57   13   6   PC   Netherlands   2007   q 90   84   …   …   …   …   1   0   HS   New Caledonia   1996   e 89   81   …   …   …   …   1   0   PC   New Zealand   2007   a 87   79   3   7   8   13   2   1   HS   Nicaragua   2006   c 52   50   3   5   36   32   9   12   HS   Norway   2007   g 95   89   1   3   3   8   0   0   HS   Occupied Palestinian Territory   2006     55   60   1   5   13   28   32   7   HS   Oman   2000   * 88   88   1   2   9   10   …   …   HS   Pakistan   2007   a,c   25   41   0   1   13   40   62   19   HS   Panama   2007     75   66   2   4   20   28   4   2   HS   Paraguay   2007   a,c 47   49   3   7   41   34   9   11   HS   Peru   2007   e,l,v 49   58   4   8   37   29   10   5   HS   Philippines   2007   t 51   51   2   5   29   35   18   9   HS   Poland   2007   w,t 79   75   3   5   12   18   6   3   HS   Portugal   2007   v 77   74   3   7   17   18   2   1   HS   Puerto Rico   2007 91   80   …   …   …   …   0   0   HS   Qatar   2004     100   99   0   1   0   1   0   0   PC   Republic of Korea   2007   a 69   68   4   9   15   22   13   1   HS   Republic of Moldova   2007   70   64   1   1   26   34   3   1   HS   Romania   2007   67   66   1   2   13   25   20   7   HS   Russian Federation   2007   h 93   92   1   2   5   6   0   0   HS   Rwanda   1996   f 3   9   0   0   66   56   30   33   HS   Saint Kitts and Nevis   2001   89   82   2   5   6   10   1   1   PC   Saint Lucia   2000   71   59   3   7   24   31   1   1   HS   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   1991 79   71   3   7   15   20   3   2   PC   San Marino   2007   93   89   …   …   …   …   0   0   OE   Sao Tome and Principe   1991   c    69   72   0   1   29   25   1   1   PC   Senegal   1991   c    8   14   0   1   59   52   32   25   HS   Serbia   2007     77   70   3   5   8   21   12   3   HS   Seychelles   1987   d    86   79   1   1   5   14   …   …   PC   Sierra Leone   2004   c    4   11   75   74   …   …   22   15   PC   Singapore   2007     90   81   3   7   6   12   1   0   HS   Slovakia   2007   v,q 92   83   2   4   5   13   0   0   HS   Slovenia   2007   t 86   82   2   5   6   10   7   3   HS   South Africa   2007   81   84   16   14   3   2   1   0   HS   Spain   2007   v 87   79   3   7   8   12   2   1   HS   Sri Lanka   2007   a,r 55   57   1   4   23   35   22   4   HS   Suriname   1998   e 87   78   0   1   9   19   2   1   HS   Swaziland   1997   d 67   83   1   2   28   14   2   1   PC   Sweden   2007   g,v 94   85   6   15   …   …   0   0   HS   Switzerland   2007   u 86   82   3   8   7   8   3   2   HS   Syrian Arab Republic   2001   a 47   50   1   10   8   30   44   11   HS   TFYR of Macedonia   2007   a 77   69   3   7   5   17   15   7   HS   Thailand   2007   a 42   45   2   4   26   37   30   14   HS   Tonga   1996     40   44   0   1   26   26   34   30   PC   Trinidad and Tobago   2005     83   76   3   6   11   17   2   0   HS   Turkey   2007   a,t 49   62   1   7   12   26   38   6   HS   Tuvalu   2002 98   96   1   2   2   2   0   0   PC   Uganda   2003   c,s 8   22   0   0   52   67   41   10   HS   Ukraine   2007     80   82   …   …   …   …   0   0   HS   United Arab Emirates   2005   99   97   1   2   1   2   …   …   PC   United Kingdom   2007   i 92   82   …   …   …   …   1   0   HS   United Republic of Tanzania   2006   o 6   15   1   3   80   72   13   10   HS   United States   2007   a,i 94   92   …   …   …   …   0   0   HS   Uruguay   2007   e,v 73   68   3   6   21   25   3   1   HS   Venezuela   2007   a 61   59   2   6   31   27   2   1   HS   Viet Nam   2004 21   30   0   1   31   51   47   19   HS   Yemen   1999   14   51   0   3   24   33   0   0   HS   Zimbabwe   2002   23   51   0   1   63   38   14   10   PC

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Sources:

International Labour Office Table 3. Status in employment, published in Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM). Fifth Edition, CD-ROM version (ISBN 978-92-2-020137-4). Also available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/ (accessed December 2008).

Footnotes:

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Technical notes:

The distribution of workers of each sex by status in employment is shown for employees, employers, own-account workers and contributing family workers only. These groups may not sum to 100 per cent, because members of producers' cooperatives and workers not classifiable by status are not shown.

The four groups are as defined in the International Classification by Status in Employment (ICSE-1993):

Employees are all those workers who hold the type of job defined as "paid employment jobs". Paid employment jobs are those jobs where the workers hold an explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contract that provides a basic remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Some or all of the tools, capital equipment, information systems and/or premises used by the workers may be owned by others, and the workers may perform their duties under direct supervision of, or according to strict guidelines set by the owner or persons in the owners’ employment.

Employers are those workers who, working on their own-account or with one or few partners, hold the type of job defined as a "self-employment job" and, in this capacity, on a continuous basis (including the reference period) have engaged one or more persons to work for them in their business as "employee(s)". Self-employment jobs are those jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential profits) derived from the goods and services produced (where own consumption is considered to be part of the profits).

Own-account workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or more partners, hold a "self-employment job" and have not engaged on a continuous basis any "employees" to work for them during the reference period.

Contributing family workers are those workers who hold a "self-employment" job in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household, who cannot be regarded as a partner, because their degree of commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of working time or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment. (Where it is customary for young persons, in particular, to work without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a related person who does not live in the same household, the requirement of "living in the same household" may be eliminated.).