S09: Languages
 
 

8. Dead and disappeared languages

 

 

  • Toponyms generally outlive their creators, thus locally disappeared and even ‘dead’ languages are not necessarily deprived of their importance from a toponymic point of view.

  • Dead languages may come to life in toponyms.

  • Substrata: residues of local predecessor languages in unrelated immigrant successor languages.

  • To understand toponymy or language in general, knowledge of settlement history is indispensable.


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Copyright United Nations Statistics Division and International Cartographic Association, July 2012